With the advancement of medical science and the use of high-tech in the diagnosis and treatment technology, the connotation of nursing work is more abundant and the service field has more room for development. The nursing function has been extended to various aspects such as health promotion, health care, and disease prevention. The target of nursing services has radiated from the patient to the family and society. On the eve of the nurses' festival this year, the "White Angel" of Yan Chai Hospital summed up several practical tips for the home care of chronic patients according to the daily work accumulation for the reference of patients and their families.
Diabetic Foot Care
Daily foot care
Develop a good habit of washing your feet every day. After washing, dry it gently with a dry towel, especially between the toes. Do not apply force to avoid rubbing the skin. Check your feet carefully, such as: blisters, corns, toe breakage, foot arterial pulse, etc. If your feet are too dry, apply a moisturizer on your feet, but not between your toes. Trim toenails after the best choice to take a bath or feet, and cut directly with a nail clipper, do not pull; toenails should not be cut too short, you can use a sickle to grind.
Choose the right footwear. It's best to choose to buy shoes in the afternoon or evening. If the feet are different in size, buy shoes according to the bigger feet. The new shoes shouldn’t be worn for a long time. Change them every day for 1 to 2 hours and then wear it again and again after a week. Should choose a thicker shoe soles, avoid wearing a hard bottom, pointed or high heels. Sandals and slippers should not be worn in summer. Check your shoes carefully before each shoe to see if there are any debris, such as coins, stones, or nails. Choose soft white cotton socks or wool socks, avoid barefoot shoes. Should not wear elastic tights and broken socks, even after repair should not be worn. Avoid walking barefoot, even in the room.
Foot disease treatment
Do not treat yourself if you have a condition such as trapezoids, corns or calluses, fungal infections, paronychia, or foot injuries. Visit a hospital promptly, and check by a doctor before handling.
Home Care for Fractures
Observe that after observing the fixation of the fracture, the color of the distal end (finger, toe) of the affected limb should be observed at any time and compared with the healthy limb. Once the affected limb is found to have persistent pain, swelling, numbness, coldness, bruising, and limited mobility, consider whether or not there is a risk of complications and seek an orthopaedic surgeon in time.
Elevate the affected limb in the supine or sitting position, properly raise the fixed limb, upper limb fractures can be put on the forearm pillow, lower limb fractures can be in the calf by a pillow or mattress, so that the distal position of the limb Slightly higher than the heart level, this is conducive to venous blood return and promote edema subside.
Periodically review patients after changing position or swelling dissipated, should pay attention to the position of the limbs, in order to prevent loose fixation and cause dislocation. After 2 weeks of fixation, the film should be checked for fixation to facilitate timely processing.
Within 1-2 weeks after functional exercise, due to swelling and pain in the affected limb, it is prone to fracture repositioning. Functional exercise should be based on muscle relaxation and relaxation activities, supplemented by active movement of fingers and toes, in principle, upper and lower joints of the fracture site. Not active at the moment. After two weeks of fracture, according to the degree of fracture stability, the intensity and range of activity were slowly increased. Following the guidance of a doctor, the upper and lower joints of the hands, feet, and fractures were performed with the help of a healthy limb to prevent muscle wasting and joint stiffness. In the later stage, the fracture has reached the standard of clinical healing, and the external fixation has been dismantled. Through exercise, the range of motion and recovery of muscle strength are promoted.
Prevent complications For patients who need to stay in bed, they should turn over regularly, take more breaths, take chest shots, and take back shots. Local warmth to prevent lung infections. Should pay attention to maintaining a fixed part of the clean and hygienic, and often massage the affected area, or in the bony promontory (such as the heel, ankle) plus cotton pad or balloon to reduce oppression, turn over every 2 hours to prevent hemorrhoids. At the same time should also drink more tea to prevent urinary tract infection.
Scientific care for cancer chemotherapy patients
A good family support family member should support and encourage the patient, grasp the patient's emotions, relieve the patient's ideological burden through various means such as communication and comfort, and enable the patient to establish ideological confidence in overcoming the disease.
Strengthen Self-care Ability Family members should not take care of the patient's life, daily life, etc., and guide patients to take care of themselves, including thinking and living. Self-reliance and self-care are used to safeguard personal values, to avoid and reduce the long-term dependence on the spiritual burden brought by others, and to maximize self-care potential.
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle changes the unhealthy behaviors of the past, quitting smoking, drinking, eating properly, and living on time to prevent overwork. The room maintains fresh air and circulation, pays attention to changes in the environment and climate, and prevents colds. Weight once a week to assess nutritional status.
Maintaining a good emotional mood will directly affect the efficacy and prognosis of the treatment. Patients should treat disease correctly, be optimistic about life, and maintain good mood.
Reasonable exercise adheres to physical exercise, such as walking, Tai Chi, and other appropriate exercises. The intensity does not feel exhausted. Moderate exercise can enhance immunity and keep the body in good condition.
After taking the medicine on time, after regular follow-up, the patient must follow the doctor's instructions, take the medicine on time, and regularly go to the hospital for review. If any problem is discovered and promptly treated to prevent tumor recurrence or metastasis, even if no recurrence or metastasis is found during the review, do not stop there.
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