Clothes like "Chameleon" change automatically according to changes in the surrounding environment, insoles can walk through the human body to step on the pressure of independent power generation ... I believe many people have fantasized about such scenes as a child. However, these are not dreams now. All this can be achieved easily with smart fiber!
What is smart fiber?
Smart fiber refers to fibers that can sense changes in the external environment (mechanical, thermal, chemical, light, humidity, electromagnetic, etc.) or internal conditions and can respond. In recent years, with the development and application of some cutting-edge technologies such as nanotechnology, microcapsule technology, and electronic information technology, the development of intelligent fibers has been rapidly developed, and has given birth to the emergence of a series of emerging intelligent textiles, thereby satisfying Some of the specific needs of people.
5 smart fibers
Phase change fiber
"It's cool, wear more clothes." "Hot, lose a piece of clothes." This is a very common sense of life , but you probably don't know yet, this simple common sense will be a brand new technology in the future. subversion. In the future, no matter how it changes throughout the year, we don’t necessarily need to add or subtract clothes, and it is very likely that we will be able to adapt to one-year changes in temperature only by wearing one. This kind of clothing uses phase change fiber.
Phase change fiber is a kind of heat storage and temperature adjustment functional fiber developed by utilizing the characteristics of releasing or absorbing latent heat during the phase transition of materials and keeping the temperature unchanged. The phase change material contained therein can make the fiber have bidirectional temperature adjustment and adaptability by causing solid-liquid or solid-solid reversible transformation: when the ambient temperature is higher than a certain threshold, the material phase changes to absorb heat and has a cooling effect; when the environment When the temperature is below a certain threshold, the phase change of the material is exothermic and has a heat retention effect, so as to control the temperature around the fiber. The most representative phase change fiber products on the market today are Outlast, Comfortemp, Thermasorb, and Cool Vest. These products can be used repeatedly in temperature swing environments, and the number of thermal cycles is generally over 1000 times.
Although only 8 millimeters, the seven -wolf wolves introduced the winter coat, but they can withstand the low temperatures and snow and snow on the 8000-meter-high snow-capped mountains. “With the same thickness, the new insulation material of 2-5 micron diameter microfibers is 1.2 times warmer than down feathers, and nearly 2 times that of other highly soft insulation materials. The textile fabrics previously released by Phoenix Bamboo Textiles Co., Ltd. Also highly sought after, its three-dimensional warm fiber has the function of creating a warmth in the isolation room, can cover the warm air, and is isolated from the outside cold air to keep the body warm.
2 Shape memory fibers
Shape memory fiber means that when the fiber is first formed, it can memorize the initial shape given by the outside world. After shaping, the fiber can deform arbitrarily, and the deformation can be fixed at a lower temperature (secondary molding) or external force. Forced to fix this deformation. When the deformed fiber is subjected to external stimulating conditions such as heating or water washing, the shape memory fiber can return to the original shape, that is, the final product has the function of memorizing the initial shape of the fiber .
There are three major categories of shape memory alloy fibers, shape memory polymer fibers and shape memory functional fibers processed by a finishing agent. At present, the more common shape memory alloys are TiNi-based alloys, Cu-based alloys, and Fe-based alloys. The shape memory alloy fiber has the characteristics of hard hand feeling and large restoring force, and can be used as a fancy yarn with a shape memory effect for spinning a yarn core and other various fibers and weaving into a dynamic fabric.
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British designer Hussein Karajan uses fashion memory fibers to create fashion
Shape memory polymers include polyurethanes, polylactones, fluorine-containing polymers, and polynorbornene. Among them, shape-memory polyurethanes are widely used due to their excellent properties such as easy excitation, large deformation, light weight, and low cost. Development. Shape memory polymer fibers have many advantages, such as a softer feel than the shape memory alloy fiber, easy to form and have a good shape stability, a large range of mechanical properties can be adjusted, the strain can reach 300% or more, etc. Textiles have a broad application prospect.
3 Smart Gel Fiber
Smart gel fibers refer to gel fibers that can undergo volume or shape changes with external stimuli (temperature, pH, light, pressure, electrical, etc.). According to the different stimulation conditions, smart gel fibers can be mainly divided into pH-responsive gel fibers, temperature-sensitive fibers, photosensitive fibers, and electrosensitive fibers, among which pH-responsive gel fibers are the most common. Smart gel fibers have the characteristics of adaptability and biocompatibility. In recent years, they have often been used in the development and design of smart textiles.
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4 Optical fiber
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Optical fiber is an optical composite fiber that can enclose light energy in fiber and transmit it in waveguide mode. It is also called smart fiber and consists of core and cladding. It has excellent transmission performance and can provide accurate information describing the status of the system at any time. Optical fiber has small diameter, good flexibility, and easy processing. It also has the dual functions of information perception and transmission. It has been recognized as the preferred sensor material. In recent years, it has been widely used to produce various types of sensors in smart clothing and security. There are many applications in new garments, such as sexual clothing, to monitor the temperature, pressure, displacement, etc. of the external environment and the body temperature, heartbeat, blood pressure, respiration and other physiological indicators.
New fabrics made of optical fiber materials can be used not only as curtains but also as garments. When wearing this type of fashion performance on the T-stage, the clothes sparkle. With the movement of the model, the main clothing is colorful and colorful.
5 Electronic smart fiber
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Electronic smart fiber is a new type of fiber developed based on electronic technology, fusion of sensing, communications and artificial intelligence and other high-tech means. With the increasing demand of people, electronic smart fibers have also put forward higher requirements. Currently, electronic intelligent fibers on the market mainly include antistatic fibers, conductive fibers, and the like, of which conductive fibers are the most representative. Conductive fiber refers to a fiber having a specific resistance of less than 107 Ω·cm in a standard state (20°C, relative humidity of 65%), which has excellent electrical conductivity and can eliminate static electricity through electron conduction and corona discharge, and is mainly Used to eliminate static electricity, absorb electromagnetic waves, and detect and transmit electrical signals. Implanting sensors and electronic components into apparel fabrics is one of the effective means for designing and implementing electronic smart garments. The following types of products have been designed: warmth jackets, physiological monitoring garments, LED smart sensory children's clothing, and wet clothing. Down jacket and so on.
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