Shenyang Imperial Palace, the best white jade appreciation

The Forbidden City of Shenyang, formerly known as Shengjing Palace, was later called Fengtianxing Palace. Located in the center of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Shenhe District, Shenyang City. It covers an area of ​​about 60,000 square meters and has more than 90 buildings and more than 300 buildings. It was built in the post-Golden Destiny Ten Years (Tomorrow's Five Years, 1625), and was first established in the first year of Qing Chongde (Ming Chongzhen nine years, AD 1636). In the first year of Qing Shunzhi (1644), after the Qing Dynasty moved to Beijing, it became the "Public Palace". From the 10th year of Emperor Kangxi (1671) to the 9th year of Daoguang (1829), the 11th Eastern Emperor of the Qing Dynasty visited the tomb of the ancestral temple and was expanded there.

The white jade four bat ear wash diameter is 16.2 cm, the foot diameter is 12.5 cm, and the height is 6.8 cm. The mouth is restrained, slightly rounded, and the bottom is round. The table is lined with lotus, peony, chrysanthemum, and plum blossoms. The bats are rounded with bat-shaped ears. Each ring is engraved with Ganoderma lucidum, which is engraved with a live ring.

The white jade carving peach bat mountain is 10.9 cm high and 23.5 cm wide. The work is made of a whole piece of white jade. The surface of the yellow-brown jade skin is made into a peach color. The whole body is carved with 9 peaches and 5 bats on it, symbolizing the auspicious meaning of Fushou (Peach). Under the peach, it is open to the cross and the leaves. It is finished with a dark wood carved base, and its calm color complements the bright peach.

The white jade carving dragon flower has a full length of 45 cm, a head width of 9 cm, a medium width of 4.7 cm, and a tail width of 6.3 cm. It is a combination of white jade and hardwood carving. Three square tiles are carved on the handle of the red sandalwood, and the copper enamel gold bottom is placed on it, and then the dragon and phoenix wearing jade pieces made by hollowing out are inlaid. The three inlaid jade pieces are: the head is a dragon wearing a tangled lotus pattern, the middle part is a dragon wearing a tangled lotus pattern, and the tail is a phoenix phoenix wearing a tangled lotus pattern. The three jade pieces are all engraved finely, which is the typical three-in-one style of the Qing Dynasty. At the end of the wish, there are green braids and double spikes, and two coral beads are attached. This is intended to be the original possession of the Qing Palace.

The selection of Qingbai white jade is mostly in Xinjiang Hetian jade. In the initial formation of jade, the body is often mixed with many metal minerals, which makes most jade have different colors, and there are few white jade without white. Judging from the jade carving products of the Qing Dynasty, the jade carvings such as sapphire and jasper are large in number and large in volume, and many large-scale finished products are completely carved into sapphire and jasper. The pure white jade products have few extra large objects. . As for the pure white fat jade, because the original body is small, the outside is often wrapped in colored jade, so most of them can only be carved into small items such as accessories, jewelry, snuff bottles.

However, as a court, white jade raw materials should be relatively sufficient, and can be used to sculpt the materials. Therefore, there are still many types of materials such as washing, bottles, pots, bowls, cups, boxes, etc., and other decorative ornaments. , Shanzi and all kinds of pendants, Pei cards are also rich. But in general, all kinds of white jade objects are mainly small and medium-sized products.

The white jade ear bottle has a mouth length of 14 cm and a width of 5.8 cm. The bottom length is 11.9 cm, the width is 4.7 cm, and the height is 16.7 cm. The jade is white and moist, with a yellow-brown plaque in between, adding a touch of color to the milky white. Straight neck, through the ears, folded shoulders. The surface is light, the neck, ears and abdomen have two chords, and the inside is carved with embossed embossed embossed embossed on the upper part of the abdomen. The circle is a Taiwan-style foot. The attached wooden base is also exquisitely carved, which is called double beauty.

The white jade carving squirrel grape is 4.5 cm long and 3.2 cm wide. Carved by Xinjiang Hetianzi jade. The work is small and exquisite. The squirrel climbed over the foliage of the vine, and the lower part was a full stream of grape fruit. The pale yellow jade skin on the edge of white jade is used as the old leaf of the grape, vivid and vivid. The upper part of the jade pendant is a coral bead, round and crystal clear, red and fascinating, and complements the milky white jade pendant.

White jade objects are more difficult to express in terms of materials. Since the object carved by white jade is white with pure color, it is not easy to produce a three-dimensional sense visually. Therefore, it is required that the craftsman should be more expressive in designing and engraving, such as on the line and structure, as much as possible, This reflects the pattern and texture of the surface of different objects.

It is worth mentioning that because the white jade texture is delicate and pure, the Qing Dynasty regards it as the upper grade of jade, so in the early and middle period, some emperor seals and seals of white jade material were made. For example, Manchu and Chinese 璧 璧 大 大 大 大 大 大 大 大 大 大 大 大 大 大 大 大 大 大 大 大 大 大 满 满 满 满 满 满 满 满 满 满 满 满 满 满 满 满 满 满 满 满 满 满 满 满 满 满

The white jade double ear cup has a full width of 13 cm, a diameter of 7.5 cm, a foot diameter of 5 cm and a height of 4 cm. The cup has a large bowl shape with double ears on both sides and a cup edge along the mouth. The outer wall of the cup is full of polka-dot plaques, arranged neatly and with a simple appearance.

The white jade products handed down from the Qing Dynasty gathered various kinds of carving crafts at that time, such as round carving, openwork carving, high relief, bas-relief, line carving, earth reduction, intaglio, etc., in addition to the white jade carving of single objects, there are also splicing The device and the inlay are used to maximize the performance of the white jade. Ruyi is the most popular gift of the Qing Dynasty. Because the jade is very precious, the three wooden inlays in the court have been popular, and many of the three tiles in this mosaic are made of white jade carvings. In the middle and late stages, such utensils are extremely popular.

The vast majority of the white jade collections in the Shenyang Imperial Palace are made in the Qing Dynasty. There are some things that have been used by the emperor, so whether it is white jade material or artifact work is very high quality and exquisite, representing the excellent level of the palace jade carving in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. Most of these Qing Dynasty white jade artifacts are from the Qing Dynasty, and a few are collected by the society.

Judging from the Qing Dynasty white jade products in the Shenyang Imperial Palace, the types are very rich, and can be roughly divided into several categories such as furnishings, utilities, and accessories. The furnishings are such as pots, bottles, flowers, mountains, clear supplies, wishfulness, and screen insertion. Hanging screen, jade, jade hanging, etc.; utility such as square box, aroma, pen wash, pen holder, printing box, paperweight, ink bed, smoke pot, etc.; accessories such as buckle, hook, jade, jade pendant, jade Cards, bracelets, fingers, etc. There are also some figures and statues of animals and plants.

There are about 300 white jade collections in the Forbidden City of Shenyang, representing the craftsmanship of the jade articles of the Qing Dynasty, reflecting the Qing people's ideological concepts and ideal pursuits. A more detailed study of these exquisite jade articles will enable us to educate the Qing Dynasty. And the Qing court artifacts have a deeper understanding and understanding.