Qing Fushou double full picture white jade small card
Jade brand decoration has appeared in the period of Liangzhu culture. In the Han Dynasty, jade ornaments for play or furnishings appeared. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, jade cards were various in shape and used. The jade ornaments of the dynasties are engraved with auspicious patterns, such as the Liangzhu jade brand engraved with the dragon's first line and the god's face; the Han Dynasty jade brand engraved with the "dragon face" and the phoenix-style dragon pattern; during the Ming and Qing Dynasties The "others" express more auspicious meanings and more subject matter. Even if the jade brand is not engraved with patterns and words, it also has the auspicious meaning of "innocence" and "safety and nothing". At that time, it was favored by the literati.
Interpretation of ancient Chinese jade
The jade ornaments that we usually say are usually the small jade cards that the two generations of bureaucrats like to wear and play, usually worn at the waist. The Beijingers (mainly Manchus) in the Qing Dynasty called them "others." In fact, the origin of jade jewelry is very early. There were jade ornaments in the period of Liangzhu culture four or five thousand years ago. There are many perforations in Liangzhu culture jade ornaments, which may be used for wearing. There are also jade ornaments in the Han Dynasty, but most of them are not for wearing, but for playing or furnishings. No matter which period of jade ornaments, most of them are engraved with a variety of auspicious patterns, which are ancient works of art that are popular among collectors.
Liangzhu culture has a jade card
The jade brand decoration of Liangzhu Culture is a unique type of Liangzhu jade. Generally flat, divided into two types: round and triangular. The round jade plate has holes in the middle, some are plain, some are decorated with patterns, and often the edge is engraved with the dragon's first line. It is now housed in a fine-faced jade ornament in the Liangzhu Museum. The hole in the middle is not a common round hole, but it is a bit like a star and has a special shape. I don't know what the ancients meant. The dragon heads of the dragon's first jade are also in the same direction. For example, the dragon head of a Shuanglong Shouyu brand collected by the Shanghai Museum is the same direction, while the jade brand of the Zhejiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology is decorated with the dragon prime minister. Most of the pairs, one of the three dragons and the first jade are decorated with three bas-relief convex faces on the outer edge, and three dragons and auspicious patterns are carved by the method of Yin and embossing.
The triangular jade ornaments are quite special. They are generally engraved with the symbol of the Liangzhu culture. For example, a triangular jade ornament hidden in the Zhejiang Provincial Museum uses the expression technique of the segmented area to make the human face more conspicuous. In addition, the Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology in Zhejiang Province also has a collection of goddess-faced jade ornaments similar to the “work†shape.
Han Dynasty jade brand embossed dragon face
The Han Dynasty jade brand decoration is a special variety in the history of Chinese jade, and only dozens of pieces have been found at home and abroad. The jade plates of this period are decorated with large and small ones. The one-sided embossed animal face is more common, and a small amount of embossed carvings may be used for inlaid furniture or furnishings. The back of this jade brand has no grain, and the frontal animal face should be "dragon face", because if you fold the animal face pattern on this jade card, you will see a dragon head. There are also jade ornaments engraved with phoenix-style dragons. In addition, the Han Dynasty also has square, rectangular jade ornaments, single-sided embossed animal patterns, also estimated to be used for decoration. The Han Dynasty jade brand decoration is usually used with good materials, and the workmanship is also very sophisticated. The combination of the Yin line, the Yang line, the embossing and the round carving in the carving technique has rich artistic expression.
The jade ornaments of the Ming and Qing Dynasties were mainly used for wearing and inlaid furniture and furnishings, and a small amount has other uses. The jade ornaments used for inlaid furniture are various in shape, usually single-faced, with carved lines of flowers, landscapes, figures, animals and poetry patterns, which have special effects on the furniture.
Jade brand front engraving theme pattern
The standard shape of the jade brand used for wearing is a slab-shaped rectangle. Occasionally, a jade card with a rectangular shape, a square shape, an elliptical shape, a banana fan shape, a round shape or other shapes can be seen, but the value is not as good as the rectangular jade card. The upper part of the jade card is the forehead, and the lower part is engraved with the motif. Regular jade cards generally do not use the carving technique, including the forehead. In the Ming Dynasty, the forehead of the jade brand usually only occupies less than a quarter of the jade brand, and its ornamentation is mainly composed of dragon and cloud thunder, which is basically fixed. The auspicious patterns carved on the front of the jade brand include landscape scenery, character stories, baby girl dramas, flowers and plants, rare birds and animals, and high-hermits. They use a homophonic, symbolic, metaphorical and other means to express auspicious meaning. Such as carving enamel, chrysanthemum, maple tree pattern meaning "safety and living", because "鹌" and "an" homophonic, "juju" and "home" homophonic, maple leaves in the autumn leaves a red, is the autumn scenery, "deciduous" and "Leye" homophonic. Another example is the engraving of a child riding a cow and flying a kite. The pattern of the kite flying into the cloud means “Qingyun De Roadâ€, and the metaphorical career is proud and step by step. In addition, some jade carvings have twelve Zodiac patterns or a sacred book, and the general public chooses to wear the zodiac cards that match their zodiac.
Most of the backs of the jade cards are engraved with verses or words corresponding to the frontal patterns, often with famous models or seals, and also with double-sided engraving patterns. Generally speaking, the engraving method on the jade card should be the Yang carving, including the forehead, the front theme and the poems on the back, all adopting the yang carving technique, and the technique of using the yin carving technique is rare.
Women’s fans also have jade cards
There is a kind of Ming and Qing dynasty card that draws on the white way of Chinese painting and expresses auspicious meaning. This jade brand is made of fine white and fine white jade. The upper part is the dragon's title, the knife is precise and powerful, and the paper is simple and concise. Due to the large proportion of foreheads (generally more than a quarter), it is impossible to change if you want to change. This is the representative "no word" jade brand in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The whole jade brand is plain and elegant. The sculptor did not engrave any pattern or text on the jade material. Its auspicious meaning is an innocence (jade). Nothing is safe (no words). This "no word" jade card is most favored by the literati, and it was popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
There is a kind of jade brand that is very small, long and not full of size, jade is very beautiful, the decoration is relatively simple, mostly flowers and plants, the back of the sentence one or two poems, may be women's fan pendant, also very popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The larger jade carvings are very particular, and may come from the court jade, or the custom made by the aristocrats, but it does not seem to fit the waist. In addition, the jade brand used in the temple is also very large, and there is a statue of a god Buddha. The fasting cards used in the royal palaces are also handed down by jade.
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