First, what is the color master?
Color masterbatch is also a new coloring agent for polymer materials, also known as Pigment Preparation. It consists of three basic elements: pigment or dye, carrier and additive. It is an aggregate obtained by uniformly loading a super-constant pigment or dye into a resin. It can be called Pigment Concentration, so he The tinting strength is higher than the pigment itself. To put it simply , color masterbatch is an aggregate made by uniformly loading a super-constant pigment or dye into a resin.
Second, what are the basic components of the color masterbatch?
The basic components of the color masterbatch are:
1. pigments or dyes
Pigments are further divided into organic pigments and inorganic pigments. Commonly used organic pigments are: phthalocyanine red, phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, fast red, macromolecular red, macromolecular yellow, permanent yellow, permanent solid purple, azo red Commonly used inorganic pigments are: cadmium red, cadmium yellow, titanium white powder, carbon black, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, etc.
2. Carrier
It is the matrix of the masterbatch. The special color master generally selects the same resin as the carrier resin as the carrier, and the compatibility between the two is the best, but the fluidity of the carrier is also considered.
3. Dispersing agent
The pigment is uniformly dispersed and no longer aggregates. The melting point of the dispersing agent should be lower than that of the resin, have good compatibility with the resin, and have good affinity with the pigment. The most commonly used dispersants are: polyethylene low molecular waxes, stearates.
4. Additives
  Such as flame retardant, brightening, antibacterial, antistatic, anti-oxidation and other varieties, unless the customer asks, in general, the color masterbatch does not contain the above additives.
1. pigments or dyes
Pigments are further divided into organic pigments and inorganic pigments. Commonly used organic pigments are: phthalocyanine red, phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, fast red, macromolecular red, macromolecular yellow, permanent yellow, permanent solid purple, azo red Commonly used inorganic pigments are: cadmium red, cadmium yellow, titanium white powder, carbon black, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, etc.
2. Carrier
It is the matrix of the masterbatch. The special color master generally selects the same resin as the carrier resin as the carrier, and the compatibility between the two is the best, but the fluidity of the carrier is also considered.
3. Dispersing agent
The pigment is uniformly dispersed and no longer aggregates. The melting point of the dispersing agent should be lower than that of the resin, have good compatibility with the resin, and have good affinity with the pigment. The most commonly used dispersants are: polyethylene low molecular waxes, stearates.
4. Additives
  Such as flame retardant, brightening, antibacterial, antistatic, anti-oxidation and other varieties, unless the customer asks, in general, the color masterbatch does not contain the above additives.
3. What varieties and grades are the masterbatch?
There are several commonly used classification methods for color masterbatch:
According to the carrier classification: such as PE masterbatch, PP masterbatch, ABS masterbatch, PVC masterbatch, EVA color masterbatch, etc. according to the purpose: such as injection color masterbatch, blown color masterbatch, spinning color masterbatch and other varieties can be divided into Different levels, such as:
1. Advanced injection masterbatch:
Used in cosmetic packaging boxes, toys, electrical enclosures and other advanced products.
2. Ordinary injection masterbatch:
   Used in general daily plastic products, industrial containers, etc.
3. Advanced blown film masterbatch:
Used for blow molding coloring of ultra-thin products.
4. Ordinary blown film masterbatch:
It is used for blow molding coloring of general packaging bags and woven bags.
5. Spinning masterbatch:
It is used for textile fiber spinning and coloring. The color masterbatch pigment has fine particle size, high concentration, strong tinting strength, good heat resistance and light resistance.
6. Low-level masterbatch:
Used to manufacture low-grade products that do not require high color quality, such as trash cans, low-grade containers, etc.
According to the carrier classification: such as PE masterbatch, PP masterbatch, ABS masterbatch, PVC masterbatch, EVA color masterbatch, etc. according to the purpose: such as injection color masterbatch, blown color masterbatch, spinning color masterbatch and other varieties can be divided into Different levels, such as:
1. Advanced injection masterbatch:
Used in cosmetic packaging boxes, toys, electrical enclosures and other advanced products.
2. Ordinary injection masterbatch:
   Used in general daily plastic products, industrial containers, etc.
3. Advanced blown film masterbatch:
Used for blow molding coloring of ultra-thin products.
4. Ordinary blown film masterbatch:
It is used for blow molding coloring of general packaging bags and woven bags.
5. Spinning masterbatch:
It is used for textile fiber spinning and coloring. The color masterbatch pigment has fine particle size, high concentration, strong tinting strength, good heat resistance and light resistance.
6. Low-level masterbatch:
Used to manufacture low-grade products that do not require high color quality, such as trash cans, low-grade containers, etc.
7 , special color masterbatch :
It is a color master made of the same plastic as the carrier according to the plastic type specified by the user for the product. For example, PP color masterbatch and ABS color masterbatch use PP and ABS as carriers respectively.
Universal color masterbatch : A resin (often a low melting point PE ) is also used as a carrier, but it can be applied to the coloration of other resins than its carrier resin.
8 , universal color masterbatch
Universal color masterbatch : A resin (often a low melting point PE ) is also used as a carrier, but it can be applied to the coloration of other resins than its carrier resin.
8 , universal color masterbatch
The universal color masterbatch is relatively simple and convenient, but has many disadvantages. It is recommended that the user choose a special color masterbatch.
The heat resistance grade of the special color masterbatch is generally compatible with the plastic used for the product, and can be used with confidence at normal temperature. Only in the following cases will cause different degrees of discoloration, first, the temperature is beyond the normal range, first, the downtime is too long.
9. Color masterbatch has the following advantages compared with granulation coloring :
9.1. Coloring and product processing are completed once , avoiding the heating process of granulation coloring on plastics , and is beneficial to the quality of plastic products.
9.2. The production process of plastic products is simplified.
9.3. Can save a lot of power
9.1. Coloring and product processing are completed once , avoiding the heating process of granulation coloring on plastics , and is beneficial to the quality of plastic products.
9.2. The production process of plastic products is simplified.
9.3. Can save a lot of power
Fourth, why use a color master?
The use of color masterbatch has the following advantages:
1. Make the pigment have better dispersibility in the product:
1. Make the pigment have better dispersibility in the product:
A masterbatch is an aggregate obtained by uniformly loading a super-constant pigment into a resin.
In the production process of the color masterbatch, the pigment must be refined to improve the dispersibility and tinting strength of the pigment. The carrier of the special color masterbatch has the same plasticity as the product, and has good matching property, and the pigment particles can be well dispersed in the product plastic after heating and melting.
2. Conducive to maintaining the chemical stability of the pigment:
In the production process of the color masterbatch, the pigment must be refined to improve the dispersibility and tinting strength of the pigment. The carrier of the special color masterbatch has the same plasticity as the product, and has good matching property, and the pigment particles can be well dispersed in the product plastic after heating and melting.
2. Conducive to maintaining the chemical stability of the pigment:
When the pigment is directly used, since the pigment directly contacts the air during storage and use, the pigment may absorb water, oxidize, etc., and after the color masterbatch, since the resin carrier separates the pigment from the air and moisture, the quality of the pigment may not be long-term. change.
3. Ensure the stability of the color of the product:
The color masterbatch particles are similar to the resin particles, and are more convenient and accurate in metering, do not adhere to the container during mixing, and are evenly mixed with the resin, thereby ensuring the stability of the added amount, thereby ensuring the stability of the color of the product.
4. Protect the health of the operator:
Pigments are generally powdery, easy to fly when added and mixed, and will affect the health of the operator when inhaled by the body.
5. Keep the environment clean and non-staining utensils:
6. The process is simple, easy to change color, save time and raw materials:
3. Ensure the stability of the color of the product:
The color masterbatch particles are similar to the resin particles, and are more convenient and accurate in metering, do not adhere to the container during mixing, and are evenly mixed with the resin, thereby ensuring the stability of the added amount, thereby ensuring the stability of the color of the product.
4. Protect the health of the operator:
Pigments are generally powdery, easy to fly when added and mixed, and will affect the health of the operator when inhaled by the body.
5. Keep the environment clean and non-staining utensils:
6. The process is simple, easy to change color, save time and raw materials:
    Since the pigment directly contacts the air during storage and use, moisture absorption, oxidation, agglomeration, etc. may occur, and the color point may appear on the surface of the plastic product when used directly, the hue is dark, the color is easily faded, and it is caused by mixing. Dust fly yang, affecting the health of operators. The masterbatch is mechanically processed in the production process to refine the pigment, and the pigment and the resin carrier and the dispersing agent are fully mixed to separate the pigment from the air and moisture, thereby enhancing the weather resistance of the pigment and improving the pigment. The dispersibility and tinting strength of the pigment, the hue is bright. Since the masterbatch is similar in shape to the resin particles, it is more convenient and accurate in metering, and does not adhere to the container during mixing, thereby saving time for cleaning the container and the machine and raw materials used for cleaning.
Fifth, the precautions for using color masterbatch:
1. How to use color masterbatch?
The use of the color masterbatch is very simple, it is only necessary to mix with the resin particles according to the prescribed ratio, and it can be mixed by hand.
Pay attention to the following issues during the operation of the device:
1.1. The mixing chamber of the injection molding machine or extruder generally has multiple temperature zones, and the temperature near the blanking port should be slightly higher. This is to make the color master melt quickly after entering the mixing chamber, as soon as possible with the plastic resin. Mixing evenly, which is beneficial to the color masterbatch in a well dispersed state in the product.
1.2. Appropriate application of back pressure to the injection molding machine can improve the mixing effect of the screw and facilitate the dispersion of the pigment. The side effect of applying the back pressure is to slow down the injection speed.
1.3. Increasing the temperature of the die of the extruder can increase the brightness of the product.
Pay attention to the following issues during the operation of the device:
1.1. The mixing chamber of the injection molding machine or extruder generally has multiple temperature zones, and the temperature near the blanking port should be slightly higher. This is to make the color master melt quickly after entering the mixing chamber, as soon as possible with the plastic resin. Mixing evenly, which is beneficial to the color masterbatch in a well dispersed state in the product.
1.2. Appropriate application of back pressure to the injection molding machine can improve the mixing effect of the screw and facilitate the dispersion of the pigment. The side effect of applying the back pressure is to slow down the injection speed.
1.3. Increasing the temperature of the die of the extruder can increase the brightness of the product.
2. How to determine the proportion of color masterbatch used?
The basis for determining the use ratio of the masterbatch is to obtain a satisfactory coloring effect. As long as the surface of the product is uniform in color and there are no streaks and spots, it can be recognized. The proportion of the seven-color deer color masterbatch can be selected as follows:
1:100 Unless the mixing of the equipment is very good, it is prone to uneven pigment dispersion. Seven-color deer companies generally do not recommend customers to use this ratio.
However, some customers are particularly eager to use this proportion of color masterbatch due to price pressure. Seven-color deer company is also thinking about customers, and it also produces such a low proportion of concentrated color masterbatch, and the dispersibility of pigments can generally meet the requirements.
1:50 is used for general plastic products with coloring requirements. PE and PP color masterbatch are used in a large proportion of 1:33--1:25 for PO products with higher coloring requirements, lower coloring requirements or general ABS. Products 1:20 Used in high-grade plastic products, including PO, ABS, can be widely used in injection molding, blow molding, spinning and other processes. 1:20 or more are generally used for coloring high-grade cosmetic containers, and more for small injection molding machines.
1:100 Unless the mixing of the equipment is very good, it is prone to uneven pigment dispersion. Seven-color deer companies generally do not recommend customers to use this ratio.
However, some customers are particularly eager to use this proportion of color masterbatch due to price pressure. Seven-color deer company is also thinking about customers, and it also produces such a low proportion of concentrated color masterbatch, and the dispersibility of pigments can generally meet the requirements.
1:50 is used for general plastic products with coloring requirements. PE and PP color masterbatch are used in a large proportion of 1:33--1:25 for PO products with higher coloring requirements, lower coloring requirements or general ABS. Products 1:20 Used in high-grade plastic products, including PO, ABS, can be widely used in injection molding, blow molding, spinning and other processes. 1:20 or more are generally used for coloring high-grade cosmetic containers, and more for small injection molding machines.
3. How to calculate the cost of using color masterbatch?
The weight of the color master itself should be deducted when calculating the cost of coloring the master.
For example: 2 kg of color masterbatch is added to 100 kg of plastic resin. At this time, the total weight is already 102 kg. Assuming the resin price is 10 yuan/kg, the color masterbatch price is 20 yuan/kg.
The cost of using a color masterbatch in a 102 kg plastic product is:
2 kg × (20 yuan / kg -10 yuan / kg) = 20 yuan converted into the cost per 100 kg of plastic products due to the use of color masterbatch is:
20 yuan / 102 kg × 100 kg = 19.61 yuan
For example: 2 kg of color masterbatch is added to 100 kg of plastic resin. At this time, the total weight is already 102 kg. Assuming the resin price is 10 yuan/kg, the color masterbatch price is 20 yuan/kg.
The cost of using a color masterbatch in a 102 kg plastic product is:
2 kg × (20 yuan / kg -10 yuan / kg) = 20 yuan converted into the cost per 100 kg of plastic products due to the use of color masterbatch is:
20 yuan / 102 kg × 100 kg = 19.61 yuan
4. Does using color masterbatch increase product cost?
This is the case in most cases. In some cases, however, coloring with color masterbatch is more economical than coloring with toner, because colorists can achieve higher color pigment coloring through a combination of several lower-priced pigments.
Also consider the following two phenomena:
1. In many cases, the choice of pigments used by plastics manufacturers in color matching is not the most economical, and because of the lack of familiarity with pigments, it is very common to repeatedly test the color and cause waste of manpower and materials. This problem does not exist with the color master.
2. The products colored with the masterbatch and the products colored with the toner are completely different in grade, and the selling price is also higher. The higher the selling price is often higher than the cost increased by using the color masterbatch, so the color The mother can create "profit" instead. From this perspective, in some cases, coloring with color masterbatch is more economical than coloring with toner.
5. Does the color master need to be dried before use?
Also consider the following two phenomena:
1. In many cases, the choice of pigments used by plastics manufacturers in color matching is not the most economical, and because of the lack of familiarity with pigments, it is very common to repeatedly test the color and cause waste of manpower and materials. This problem does not exist with the color master.
2. The products colored with the masterbatch and the products colored with the toner are completely different in grade, and the selling price is also higher. The higher the selling price is often higher than the cost increased by using the color masterbatch, so the color The mother can create "profit" instead. From this perspective, in some cases, coloring with color masterbatch is more economical than coloring with toner.
5. Does the color master need to be dried before use?
Color masters do not need to be dried under normal conditions and can be used directly. However, except for ABS and NY color masterbatch, they should be dried according to the conventional process.
How long is the color master's shelf life?
Color masterbatch can be stored for a long time.
The pigment in the color master is dispersed and fixed in the carrier resin, and is in a closed state, and the quality does not change even if it is stored for a long period of time. But should be stored in a dry, cool environment
The pigment in the color master is dispersed and fixed in the carrier resin, and is in a closed state, and the quality does not change even if it is stored for a long period of time. But should be stored in a dry, cool environment
6. Can I use different color masterbatches to formulate colors?
Seven-color deer often uses several color masterbatch to prepare specific colors for small-volume customers. However, without the guidance of the company's technical staff, customers can't make their own use of several color masterbatch, and can't mix the color masterbatch produced by different companies. Use to avoid loss due to incompatibility.
Does the use of color masterbatch affect other properties of the product?
Some pigments have an effect on the flame retardant effect of the product. When used in flame retardant products, it should be pointed out to the masterbatch manufacturer.
Does the mold have any effect on the use of the masterbatch?
In order to fully display the coloring effect of the masterbatch, the mold must have a corresponding quality, especially the surface must be very smooth.
Six, common defects of color masterbatch
1. Striped pigment strips in the product under sunlight
This problem needs to be considered from two aspects: plastic physical and mechanical properties and plastic molding process:
1.1 The temperature of the injection molding equipment is not well controlled, and the color master cannot be thoroughly mixed with the resin after entering the mixing chamber.
1.2 The injection molding machine does not add a certain back pressure, and the screw mixing effect is not good.
1.3 The dispersibility of the masterbatch is not good or the resin is not plasticized.
The process can be debugged as follows: 1. The temperature of the mixing chamber is slightly increased by the drop port portion 2. A certain back pressure is applied to the injection molding machine.
If it is still not good after the above debugging, it may be the dispersibility or matching problem of the color masterbatch and the resin, and should be solved by contacting the masterbatch manufacturer.
1.1 The temperature of the injection molding equipment is not well controlled, and the color master cannot be thoroughly mixed with the resin after entering the mixing chamber.
1.2 The injection molding machine does not add a certain back pressure, and the screw mixing effect is not good.
1.3 The dispersibility of the masterbatch is not good or the resin is not plasticized.
The process can be debugged as follows: 1. The temperature of the mixing chamber is slightly increased by the drop port portion 2. A certain back pressure is applied to the injection molding machine.
If it is still not good after the above debugging, it may be the dispersibility or matching problem of the color masterbatch and the resin, and should be solved by contacting the masterbatch manufacturer.
2, after using a certain color masterbatch, the product appears to be more susceptible to cracking
This may be due to poor diffusion and miscibility caused by the poor quality of the dispersant or auxiliary agent selected by the manufacturer, which affects the physical and mechanical properties of the product.
3. After using the ratio on the color master specification, the color is too dark (too light)
Although this problem is simple, there are many possibilities, specifically:
3.1. The color master has not been tried carefully, and the pigment is too little or too much.
3.2. Inaccurate measurement at the time of use, the phenomenon of random measurement by domestic enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises
3.3. There is a problem with the matching of the masterbatch and the resin. This may be due to improper selection of the carrier of the masterbatch, or it may be that the manufacturer randomly changes the resin variety.
3.4. Improper machine temperature, the color master stays in the machine for too long. Procedure: First check whether the resin type matches the color master, whether the metering is accurate, and then adjust the machine temperature or speed. If there is still a problem, the masterbatch manufacturer should be contact.
3.1. The color master has not been tried carefully, and the pigment is too little or too much.
3.2. Inaccurate measurement at the time of use, the phenomenon of random measurement by domestic enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises
3.3. There is a problem with the matching of the masterbatch and the resin. This may be due to improper selection of the carrier of the masterbatch, or it may be that the manufacturer randomly changes the resin variety.
3.4. Improper machine temperature, the color master stays in the machine for too long. Procedure: First check whether the resin type matches the color master, whether the metering is accurate, and then adjust the machine temperature or speed. If there is still a problem, the masterbatch manufacturer should be contact.
4, the same color masterbatch, resin and formula, why the color of the products injected by different injection molding machines?
This is often caused by the injection molding machine. Different injection molding machines have different mechanical conditions due to different manufacturing, use time or maintenance conditions, especially the difference in the degree of adhesion between the heating element and the barrel, so that the dispersion state of the color master in the barrel is also different. A phenomenon will appear.
5. After changing the resin of another brand, the same color masterbatch and formula, the color has changed, why?
Different grades of resin will have different density and melt index, so the properties of the resin will be different, and the compatibility with the masterbatch will be different, so that color change occurs. Generally speaking, as long as the density and melt index are not different. Large, then the difference in color will not be too large, you can correct the color by adjusting the amount of color masterbatch.
6. Does the pigment migration phenomenon during the storage process affect the quality of the product?
Some color masterbats have a high pigment content (or dye), and in this case, migration is normal. Especially the color masterbatch with dye added, serious migration will occur. However, this does not affect the quality of the product, because after the color master is injected into the product, the pigment is in a normal color development concentration in the product.
7. Why are some injection products not shiny?
There are several possibilities:
7.1. The nozzle temperature of the injection molding machine is too low
7.2. The mold finish of the injection molding machine is not good.
7.3. Product molding cycle is too long
7.4. Too much titanium dioxide contained in the masterbatch
7.5. The dispersion of the masterbatch is not good.
7.1. The nozzle temperature of the injection molding machine is too low
7.2. The mold finish of the injection molding machine is not good.
7.3. Product molding cycle is too long
7.4. Too much titanium dioxide contained in the masterbatch
7.5. The dispersion of the masterbatch is not good.
8. After a period of time, some plastic products will fade.
The basic pigment used by the manufacturer is of poor quality and drifts.
9, Why the color difference is particularly prone ABS masterbatch?
Different brands of ABS produced by different countries have large color difference. Even if the same brand of ABS, there may be chromatic aberration in each batch of batch numbers. Of course, color difference will also occur after coloring. This is due to the characteristics of ABS, and there is no thorough solution in the world. However, this color difference is generally not serious.
Users must pay attention to this feature of ABS when using ABS color masterbatch.
Users must pay attention to this feature of ABS when using ABS color masterbatch.
7. Appendix: Performance of pigments
1. The heat resistance
PVC , PE pigment temperature resistance 160-180 degrees Celsius
ABS , PS pigment temperature resistance 250-280 degrees Celsius
PP , PA , PET pigments are more than 280 degrees above temperature
    It is generally required that the heat resistance time of the pigment is 4 to 10 minutes. Generally, the higher the use temperature, the shorter the heat resistance time. Indigo blue pigment temperature 325 degrees Celsius, 10 minutes discoloration
2 , mobility
PVC , PE pigment temperature resistance 160-180 degrees Celsius
ABS , PS pigment temperature resistance 250-280 degrees Celsius
PP , PA , PET pigments are more than 280 degrees above temperature
    It is generally required that the heat resistance time of the pigment is 4 to 10 minutes. Generally, the higher the use temperature, the shorter the heat resistance time. Indigo blue pigment temperature 325 degrees Celsius, 10 minutes discoloration
2 , mobility
The migration resistance of pigments means: colored plastic products and other solid, liquid, gas and other conditions, long-term contact with materials or work in a specific environment, may have physical and chemical interaction with the above substances, expressed as pigments from plastic interior Migrate to the free surface of the article or migrate to an adjacent plastic or solvent.
    Migration resistance rating standard
Level 1 2 3 4 5
    Severe migration, significant migration , migration, slight migration, no migration
3. Most of the inorganic pigments have good light resistance.
4. Weather resistance refers to the color stability of pigments under natural conditions.
5. Titanium dioxide is divided into: anatase ( A ) titanium dioxide rutile ( R ) titanium dioxide
    Titanium dioxide can improve hiding power, weather resistance, fading resistance, etc. ~~~
When the concentration of titanium dioxide is low, the whiteness of PP increases with the increase of its content. When the concentration exceeds 1.5% , the whiteness no longer rises, from 1% to 8% , the whiteness increases by 2.8% , which indicates that the concentration exceeds a certain concentration. After the range, increasing the amount of titanium dioxide does not improve the whiteness. In order to further increase the whiteness, a fluorescent whitening agent can be used, and the tinting strength of the titanium white powder can be significantly improved by using only a small amount of the fluorescent whitening agent.
    Titanium dioxide, alias: titanium dioxide
    Titanium dioxide allows plastics to effectively scatter visible light to impart whiteness, brightness, and opacity.
The concentration of titanium dioxide in PP\\ ABS is 1% ; in PVC , it is 4% ; with the increase of the amount of titanium dioxide, its hiding power is gradually increased, and when the concentration is more than 8% , it tends to balance.
    In general, the finer the titanium dioxide particles, the higher the tinting strength and the stronger the hiding power.
6. Cadmium yellow has strong tinting strength, excellent light and weather resistance, no migration, no bleed (toxic paint). This product can be used as a yellow coloring agent for plastics. It has bright colors, excellent light resistance, heat resistance, solvent resistance, water resistance and alkali resistance, but it is not resistant to acid, coloring and hiding power.
7. Ultramarine has the function of whitening and coloring, which can remove the yellow color in white products.
    Migration resistance rating standard
Level 1 2 3 4 5
    Severe migration, significant migration , migration, slight migration, no migration
3. Most of the inorganic pigments have good light resistance.
4. Weather resistance refers to the color stability of pigments under natural conditions.
5. Titanium dioxide is divided into: anatase ( A ) titanium dioxide rutile ( R ) titanium dioxide
    Titanium dioxide can improve hiding power, weather resistance, fading resistance, etc. ~~~
When the concentration of titanium dioxide is low, the whiteness of PP increases with the increase of its content. When the concentration exceeds 1.5% , the whiteness no longer rises, from 1% to 8% , the whiteness increases by 2.8% , which indicates that the concentration exceeds a certain concentration. After the range, increasing the amount of titanium dioxide does not improve the whiteness. In order to further increase the whiteness, a fluorescent whitening agent can be used, and the tinting strength of the titanium white powder can be significantly improved by using only a small amount of the fluorescent whitening agent.
    Titanium dioxide, alias: titanium dioxide
    Titanium dioxide allows plastics to effectively scatter visible light to impart whiteness, brightness, and opacity.
The concentration of titanium dioxide in PP\\ ABS is 1% ; in PVC , it is 4% ; with the increase of the amount of titanium dioxide, its hiding power is gradually increased, and when the concentration is more than 8% , it tends to balance.
    In general, the finer the titanium dioxide particles, the higher the tinting strength and the stronger the hiding power.
6. Cadmium yellow has strong tinting strength, excellent light and weather resistance, no migration, no bleed (toxic paint). This product can be used as a yellow coloring agent for plastics. It has bright colors, excellent light resistance, heat resistance, solvent resistance, water resistance and alkali resistance, but it is not resistant to acid, coloring and hiding power.
7. Ultramarine has the function of whitening and coloring, which can remove the yellow color in white products.
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