Zhonghua Baoyu Stone has a long history, a long history, profound and brilliant. Its origin and development have experienced the continuous development and evolution process from low to high, from stone to jade, then to treasure, and experienced different periods of germination, origin, formation, development and prosperity of more than 20,000 years. From the ancient times, the sacrificial ghosts and gods, the rituals, the body, the funeral to the symbol of the Middle Ages, the symbol of power, morality, and wealth; and the sublimation of practicality, appreciation, furnishings, and art, presented from ancient times to present, by a few powerful The gemstones to the gentlemen will admire the jade, and then the officials and the people can use the development process of the gemstones, greatly enriching people's material and spiritual life, and writing a glorious chapter for human civilization.
The reason why the Chinese jade and jade culture is so eye-catching is that China is rich in gemstones and is known as the “hometown of jade world carvingsâ€. It is derived from the Chinese people’s love jade and Chongyu, and jade is praised as “the virtue of the gentlemanâ€. "From the world, the jade is regarded as a symbol of wealth, a symbol of power, and a model of morality in the dynasties. It is derived from the exquisite craftsmanship of Chinese jade carving and is regarded as "Oriental Art". It originated from the Chinese dynasty dynasty, attaching importance to gemstones, and stipulated in the relocation of the dynasty. A set of systems that use gemstones as a sign of bureaucratic hierarchy. Originated from Confucianism, it is highly advocating jade. It is proposed that jade has eleven virtues, nine virtues, and five virtues to beautify and standardize human moral behavior. Teach in religion, be politically empowered, ethically empowered, ethically moralized and personified, and thus deeply rooted in all corners of politics, economy, ideology, culture, and life, and integrate into theology, Buddhism, and Taoism. , all aspects of Confucianism.
The so-called gemstone culture refers to the sum of material and spiritual production capacity and material and spiritual products obtained by the development and utilization of natural jade in the process of human society. It is a historical phenomenon that is both inherited and creative.
The Chinese treasure jade culture is an important part of the Chinese national culture. It is the earliest and long-lasting development of China. The unique culture is the spirit and soul of the Chinese nation and a precious heritage of world culture.
According to the period of social development, the Chinese treasure jade culture is divided into five stages: the germination period, the origin period, the formation period, the development period and the prosperity period.
Budding period
Late Paleolithic, new human phase. 3,100,000 years BC. Primitive people make a living by hunting, mainly by making stone tools. In the process of making stone tools, they encounter beautiful stones and jade, and they pick up the rewards. In 1933, perforated gravel and stone beads (original jewellery and necklaces) were found at the site of the cavemen in Beijing. It is about 19,000 years ago, and it may be the source of our gemstone culture. In 1983, three pieces of choppers made of jade jade were discovered at the site of Xianren Cave in Xiuyan County, about 12,000 years ago. Others found that the bored graphite ornaments were found in the cultural relics of the Yucun Village in Jixian County, Shanxi Province, and the Xiaonanhai Cultural Site in Anyang, Henan Province. These may be the source of the gemstone culture.
Period of origin
Neolithic Age (Jade Age). 10000-4100 BC.
The gemstone culture in this period is characterized by beauty and deification. It originated from the primitive people's worship of the gods, nature worship, totem worship and worship of primitive religions (witch activities). At present, about 200,000 pieces of gemstones are found in more than 7,000 Neolithic cultural sites in the country. The earliest jade found was the Xinglongyu cultural site in Chifeng, Inner Mongolia. Unearthed a pair of white jade blocks, dating back to 8200 years. This period is characterized by the Hongshan culture and Liangzhu culture in the south and north of China, representing the highest level of crafts at that time. Some people also call it the cradle of Chinese gemstone culture. In eastern China, the jade articles in this period are mostly in the form of slab-shaped squares, and the theory stems from the saying of Tianyuan.
The gemstone artifacts unearthed in the Neolithic Age are rooted in "quality" and "magic objects."
1. The worship of the gods and the origin of the gemstone culture Because of the beauty and color of the gemstones, the people of the original clan regard it as a material with a god and regard it as the essence of heaven and earth. "Pipe" cloud: "Jade, Yinyin also"; "Mozi" cloud: "Zhu Ruoliang jade does not come out, there is more refined"; "Xunzi" cloud: jade "in the mountains and grasses"; "Zhuangzi" cloud: "God is God, but can be fine"; "The more the book", the wind beard said: "Fu Yu is also a god."
The ancients believed that the use of this kind of gemstone with the nature of the gods, carved into worship and worship, wear can increase the power, drive disasters and avoid disasters; sacrifice to connect the heaven and earth gods, this is the foundation of the origin of the gemstone culture. After the origin of the gemstone industry, it was deeply concerned by the aristocratic class and the upper class, and it was able to develop rapidly. The discovery of the walls and plaques of the Liangzhu cultural sites indicates that it was used as a sacrifice for heaven, earth, and god. "Sacrifice of jade", there are many records in the historical literature, indicating that the sacrificial activities at that time have become quite common.
2. Totem worship and the origin of the gemstone culture The totem worship is that the primitive people respect certain natural objects as sacred and worship. Some clans use the bull's head and antler as the totem; the clan of the stomach uses the bird, the dragon and the phoenix as the totem. . Bird-shaped and bird-shaped jade ornaments were found in the Dawenkou culture and Longshan culture in Shandong, indicating that the Dongyi area is a tribe with birds as a totem.
Inner Mongolia Wengniute Banner Samsung Tara Red Mountain Cultural Site in the Jade Dragon takes the C structure, which may have evolved from 玦. Its appearance shows that the Chinese nation does believe in the dragon, and has used friends as a totem of the clan. The so-called "dragon's successor", I am afraid that this is also true.
3. The Origin of Primitive Religion and Fuyu Stone Culture In the middle and late Neolithic Age, due to the emergence and development of primitive religious witchcraft, the gemstone artifacts were given new cultural connotations, and at the same time, they were universally valued as gods, thus promoting The origin and development of the gemstone ritual. The "signature of the gods" appearing on the jade that was unearthed from Liangzhu Culture may be the object of worship of Liangzhu people.
Hongshan culture and Liangzhu culture are prominently represented by jade. At the same time, they reflect the form of jade religion. The Dawenkou culture has found that there are turtles and dragons cultures, and the Lingjiatan culture combines two aspects of culture. The discovery of rectangular jade turtle shells is a reflection of different cultures in religious form.
The ancients believed that since jade was a fetish, it would be able to communicate with the gods, and the wizards chose to use them as artifacts. These artifacts or artifacts evolved over time into the magical artifacts used in ceremonial activities.
Jade is not only a god. After the death of a man, he will be buried with jade, and the body will not be rotted, so the wind of the jade is prevalent.
Jade is not only a god, but when people eat it, they will grow old and grow, so the jade is popular.
Jade is not only a god, but the effect of offering sacrifices to the heavens and the sacrifices will be ideal. The ancients saw that the heavens are round, so they were processed into ancestors to worship the heavens, forming the original rituals, and the formation of the slavery society was laid down. basis.
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