At present, Jadeite does not have a unified system of classification methods, but according to the color structure of its thickness, or its degree of transparency. However, there are many names in the jade market. The description is as follows:

1, the old pit species it refers to the high-end jade, that is, the first color is a certain concentration of dark, but deep and not dark, bright color, pure green, the color is not biased gray, good uniformity, in addition, the texture is more delicate The transparency is also relatively good, that is, glass, of course, even if they are called old pit species, their quality is relatively high and low, some high transparency, some transparency is slightly worse, so the value is also different, but in any case is colored A variety of attractive jade varieties are often used for expensive jewelry.

Its name, Old Pit, is for a reason. The concept of the Chinese, the older the jade, including jade, is the most beautiful, including darker colors and better transparency. In addition, this texture is mostly found in the secondary deposits in Myanmar, while the secondary jade deposits in Myanmar are earlier. Mining, therefore, is called the old pit.

2, dry young species as the name suggests, dry green species refers to the market can be seen on a nearly full green jade, its green concentration is large, that is, more dark, some evenly distributed, some shades are not even, often Some black spots.

Although it has a granular structure, its transparency is relatively poor, it is almost opaque, and it is only cut into thin slices, so that the color appears brighter than green, so it is often used to make thin jewelry. The Yunnan people also call this jadeite a “multi-film”, that is, the jadeite jewelry used by Cantonese to make thin slices.

According to the author's research in 1983, this type of jadeite is different from pure Jadeite. First of all, it is mainly composed of Kosmochior, with a small amount of jadeite, an indeterminate amount, chromite and others. Amphibolite minerals, so its physical properties are also different, its hardness: 5.5 ~ 6. The specific gravity is relatively high: about 3.40, and the refractive index is relatively high: about 1.74. Due to the different proportions of various mineral combinations, the physical properties are somewhat changed.

According to the mineralogical point of view, this type of jadeite should be called sodium-chromium pyroxene jadeite.

3. The green, emerald inkstone is mainly composed of omphacite, which can contain other minerals. It shows dark green under transmitted light and is of finer quality. Most fibrous aggregates have good transparency and a certain head, so they are deep. Loved by consumers. The refractive index can be as high as 1.67 and the specific gravity can reach 3.34. It is slightly higher than Jadeite Jadeite and is carved into a variety of flower accessories. There was a time when it was very popular among Taiwanese.

4, Wuji species jade jade market has a gray black and black jade bracelet made of raw materials and carved beads, very special, giving a simple feeling. Hong Kong's connoisseurs dubiously call it a black-black chicken because its color is similar to that of a black-skinned chicken. The author had seen the black jade chicken raw material at the Jade Raw Material Auction in Yangon, Myanmar, but not many. The green structure is obvious, and there is no doubt that it is produced in Burma. About this kind of black jade, there is less information on the former.

The general characteristics of black jade: black jade is a dense block, hard, mainly jadeite; gray black to black, the color is not even, part of the black jade with varying degrees of gray-green color, light green part of the more obvious color tone. Micro-opaque to opaque, dark part from opaque to slightly transparent, light-colored part opaque to translucent. Glass luster, part of the sample has a different degree of oil sheen, mineral fresh section and rock light mask strong glass luster. Jadeite particles are short columns and granular, star-shaped flash, that is, "green" (fly-like flash). The black network (network veins) can be seen on the smooth surface of the rock. When the veins in the reticular pattern and its proximal side are black, and there are many black mesh veins, black lumps can be formed to make the smooth surface of the rock a variegated appearance.

The black jadeite is mainly composed of single mineral jadeite, so it can be called jadeite rock. The mineral particles are short columnar and granular and the rocks have a columnar crystal structure.

The mineral composition of black jadeite: The microscopic identification of the rock, powder X-ray diffraction, electron probe analysis, and laser Raman microprobe analysis showed that the black jadeite is basically a single mineral rock, that is, 98% of it is jadeite, only A small amount of deputy minerals and black pigments, the latter total less than 2%, some appear higher. Jadeite is a sodium-rich enditer of a series of jadeite-green pyroxene-diopside.

5. The Tielong species is a newly discovered quality species. The color is bright green and full of colors. It is the name translated from Burmese and is the green transliteration of Burmese.

Its color is generally darker than fresh, with some changes in depth, most of the particles are coarse, and the light transmission is poor. No matter the color and species are better than the dry species, there are fewer black spots, there will be white flowers, and some textures are better. High-grade iron dragon breeds are comparable to old pit species. However, the rough texture and poor water head are mostly used for thin parallel imports. In fact, the quality of iron dragon jade jade is high or low, from the raw material quality, can be divided into eight grades, is based on color shade, fine texture, impurities and cracks and how much.

6. Oil Green Species The oil green species are now studied with the composition of omphacite, while others are composed of omphacite and jadeite.

Jade is a kind of jade green and dark, the color is not pure green, mixed with gray or with some blue, it is not bright enough, it can be said that the color is very boring, its color can be from light to deep, transparent Better, crystal structure. It is often fibrous and can be relatively fine. Because it has a shiny, oil-like finish, it is called oil seed. If it's darker, experts call it melon oil green. The quality is also high and low, but often it can not reach the ranks of high-priced jewelry.

Southerners generally do not like oil greens. They are more popular in the north and are often used to make bracelets or carved pieces. According to the study, the oil-green species Jadeite contains some omphacite and some amphibole minerals, resulting in darker colors.

7. Kind of gold wire gold refers to the color of jadeite in a filamentous distribution, arranged in parallel with each other, we can clearly see that green is intermittent along a certain direction, of course, the green strip can be thick or thin.

The quality of the gold silk type jade depends on the ratio of the color and the green belt of the green strip, and the thickness of the texture. The color strips are thick, occupy a large proportion of the area, the color is brighter, and the value is high. On the contrary, the colors are sparse, and lighter ones are much cheaper.

8, thunder species of thunder species, the name is very image, because there are many cracks in this kind of emerald, as if by the Thunder. This kind of emerald is usually of good color and has a certain green color. Because the cracks are very irregular and have no directionality, they cannot be avoided. Only small pieces of finished products can be made and they are low-priced goods.

Thunder is a kind of jade crack, its nature is a tensile crack, and its distribution is not in a certain direction. It is a feature of a turtle crack. This type of crack is very common in many exposed rocks because of the jadeite. Exposure to the surface, long-term exposure to the sun and rain, or the use of fire, water, etc. in the mining results. The fundamental factor is that jadeite is a kind of slower heat transfer material. When it is exposed to high temperatures during the daytime, it slowly turns to the interior until the interior of the night is still hot. At this time, the air in the outside has turned cold. Cold, the inside is inflated, and the appearance is shrinking. This phenomenon, long time ago, slowly caused the emerald to produce layers of spalling and irregular patterns.

9, horse teeth species as the name suggests, a kind of horse's teeth, that is to say, although the horse teeth jadeite texture is fine, but opaque, like porcelain, horse teeth most of the green, rough looks good, but Colored and seedless, look carefully to see the tiny white strips in the green.

Although the horse tooth species has a certain color, but because it is not transparent, the jargon is not enough water or short head, so the value will not be very high.

10, Cyanine species Perhaps, readers will ask me why a lot of jade are called cyanine species, and there are a lot of differences in the name of celebrity called cyanine?

All green jade with uneven distribution of green color can be collectively referred to as anthocyanin species. Cyanine species are often referred to as green veins, and a very irregular type of jadeite may have a light green or other color. Can be thick and thin, such as broccoli, its structure is relatively coarse grain, known as the bottom of the beans, it is irregular color, sometimes more densely distributed, it may be more sparse, deep or shallow, this kind of emerald Known as a species of cyanine. Most of the color distribution of jadeite is irregular, so it is not surprising that there are many species of cyanine. In fact, it is finer and the species of cyanine can be further divided into: cymose flowers, horse teeth cyanine, oil flowers green……

11. The eight-three-flowered youth of the eight-thirds cyan is a new type of jadeite found by Hong Kong connoisseurs at the auction. Locals call it Shima. It differs from the general anthocyanin jadeite in that it has a lavender spot in the background white, irregularly distributed green spots, a thick texture, a thick bean bottom, and a dry seed. The “Jinsanhuaqing” species can easily buy larger raw materials and can be used as bracelets. After they are made, they can be made into B-goods and they can be sold at better prices.

When we buy jewelry from jade, if we can recognize that it is made of “Jinsanhuaqing” type of jadeite and it is relatively transparent, we must doubt whether this “8.33 cyan” ornament is made of acid. The B goods, of course, must be further proved to get the correct answer. According to Mr. Xie, the mine owner in Myanmar, the mining of the Shima deposit is of finer quality and better varieties.

12. What are the green species on white? How do you distinguish between the species of flowers and flowers?

The white-green species is widely distributed in Burmese jade. It is a new pit and is produced in the famous "mill deposit." However, the texture is relatively coarse, often a granular structure, and its characteristic background color is generally whiter, but green is more vivid. Because the background color is more green and white, the green part is patchy or lumpy, and these are different from the cyanine species. Most of the white-green species are opaque, that is, the lack of water that the experts say is a kind of primary ore, so the raw material is a new breed without weathering.

From the study point of view, the bright green block is formed by the exchange of a chromium-containing solution. Electron probe analysis results demonstrated that the green part contains high chromium.

13. If you go to Jade Market and go for a bean seed, when you see those jadeite is not very transparent, the color is general, the concentration is not high, that is, the color is not deep, if you ask what kind of jade is this species? You will hear that this is a kind of bean. You will also find that many of the jade are called bean seeds. The jargon says "Ten ten beans."

What is a bean seed? The bean seed is a very vivid name. We know that jadeite is a kind of polycrystal. If the crystals that make up the jadeite are relatively thick, for example, larger than a millimeter, it will be easily seen by the naked eye. The rough jadeite crystals are mostly short columns. When the boundary of these short columnar crystals is very clear, it looks like a grain of mung bean, so it is called bean seed. However, the common characteristics of various bean varieties are coarse quality and poor light transmission, so they are called new species (new Pit), but there are exceptions, there are many subspecies, details are as follows:

Soybean seed: refers to the bean seed color typical of mung bean, light in color, yellowish in color, and poor in sunrays. Its color may be due to a small amount of iron ions replacing aluminum, which appears as a warehouse color. With a thick structure and poor light transmission, it is a lower-grade jadeite species and is often used as a lower-end bracelet.

Ice bean seed: refers to a good light-transmitting bean seed. The bean seed has a patchy structure. The quality of the bean seed is fine and can be light-transmitting.

Sweet bean seed: refers to the color is better than the general bean seed, although the color is not very deep, lighter than the fresh sun, uniform color, it is loved.

Oil beans: refers to more colors, a certain depth, more leisurely, better color than the sweet bean species, can do medium to high-end goods. Most of this color is formed by the late infiltration of chromium-containing solution. This type of colored bean is derived from yellow sand skin, and the so-called bean color is easy to color, mainly referring to this kind of bean. Charlie beans may belong to color beans.

Caidou species: mainly refers to the background color of the oil seed, but it has a patchy structure and may be a kind of metamorphosis residual structure.

Cat bean seed: It refers to a bean seed that has a certain green color, but its background color is a lot of stains - black or brown, there are things like asphalt-like spots, it is estimated that this is a chromophore that affects the penetration of color. If soaked with strong acid, it can be washed and used as a good raw material for B-item jade.

Fine bean seed: refers to the bean with relatively fine particles and uniform structure.

Coarse box bean seed: refers to the bean seed with coarse grain, short columnar or long columnar structure, no water, poor light transmission, and low grade.

14, hibiscus species called hibiscus species, its color is generally light green. The green color is more pure and the color distribution is more uniform, so it feels more clear. Its texture is finer than that of the bean, and the structure will make people feel grainy, but the boundaries of the particles cannot be seen. This may be due to subsequent recrystallization. the result of. Generally speaking, it is of medium transparency. Although it is not as good as a glass species, it can be said to be iceland. However, although the species is not very transparent, it is not dry and the price is not high, so it is easier for the average person to accept it. Those with deeper colors will be more expensive, those with lighter ones will be less expensive, and if there are dark green veins, the hibiscus will be called "green roots";

15, glass species Jade As the name implies, the glass species Jade refers to a colorless and transparent jade, relatively rare, the past has not been taken seriously, because most people like to have color jade. However, recently this type of glass jadeite is especially loved by young people. This kind of jadeite is very special. The glass species of jade is composed of very fine and colorless jadeite. The structure is delicate, almost no particles are visible to the naked eye, and the transparency is good. It is crystal clear, but in the end it is composed of polycrystals. Unlike crystal, it looks like a light is released from the finished product. Call it "From Ying" and it is very beautiful. In recent years, the value has risen rapidly.

16, Ice species Jade ice species Jade, similar to the above-mentioned glass species of jade, but its transparency is one level lower than the glass species of jade, because the jadeite particles are more coarse grain, the naked eye can see some particles, but the border is not clear, Or there will be some small inclusions that will lead to reduced transparency, ice kind of jade is also more popular with consumers, because the price will not be as high as the glass species of jade, made of the ring in his hand, and inexperienced people tend to mistakenly think Moonstone.

17, Violet It refers to a purple jade, this purple jade is generally lighter, darker purple also, but less color, like purple violet, so named, very Western favorite. If you look closely at the purple jadeite, its color tone is slightly different and can be further divided into pink purple, purple eggplant, blue-violet, and even red-purple. Pink and purple are light and even and the texture is relatively fine, and the transparency is better. The eggplant purple color is gray, but the color is more uniform and the transparency is better. Blue and purple can be thick, very beautiful. Generally thicker texture, it can also be called purple beans. Violet jade is usually the best color purple jade. Purple jade, generally yellow look below, it will appear purple deeper, be careful when buying this point. The dark purple texture with a deep purple texture is very difficult to find. Now it is increasingly welcomed by the market and the price is rising.

18, purple sapphire (Spring hanging color)

In the purple emerald base, irregular green is distributed, named after its color, and the green color is mostly pale.

19. The yellow emerald-yellow jadeite is the color formed by secondary formations. It is often distributed beneath the weathered surface layer and above the red layer. It is caused by the dipping of the limonite minerals, and its color cannot be very high. Pure, often with some brown, the ancient yellow yellow jade is the best yellow chestnut, this pure yellow, with a transparent texture, it is not easy to get.

20, Red Jade Chinese like red, in addition to green jade, but also like the red jade, because they think that red represents good luck, and some people think that red emerald is formed because of immersed in the blood, which is really incorrect .

The natural red emerald is a secondary formed color, distributed beneath the weathered surface - thin-skinned or distributed along the fissures of the emerald primary rock, filling the pores of the iron mineral, hematite, along the grain of the emerald mineral. Caused by the formation of red dyeing, the degree of red is different, there are not many bright red, common brown red, the best red is known as the red cockscomb, the natural quality of good color and good red jade is also welcomed by the market.

21. The color of the Fulushou jadeite is colorful. The special point is that several colors may exist on one emerald at the same time. If there is green, red and purple on the same emerald, this emerald is considered to be very A symbol of good luck; Especially when the three colors can be evenly distributed on the bracelet, it is more rare. If it is a kind of colored, it is worth a lot.

22, Pastel species (new species)

Recently, there was a banded and pink emerald in the Hong Kong jadeite market. This new variety of jadeite never appeared. According to the owner Mr. Chen Guomin's introduction, this kind of jadeite raw material was produced in Myanmar's Pakang area and the Miejiao area. It was a black-skin gravel. The author obtained a large number of specimens for various analyses and observations. The finished products were made of bracelets and pendants. Very special and lovely.

The new variety of jadeite is introduced as follows:

1) Visual observation: This kind of emerald color is characterized by a pink "bottom", and the background is dark and transparent and more expensive. With white bands, the white bars are thick and thin, they appear to be parallel, some are arranged in an geese, and the naked eye observes that there is a clear boundary between white and pink. White fill is better.

Its transparency is translucent with a specific gravity of about 3.33, a refraction of about 1.66, and no fluorescence under ultraviolet light. Infrared spectroscopy proved to be jadeite mineral composition.

2) Thin-film microscopy study: There is no obvious boundary between the white and pink parts, and the mineral composition is jadeite. Contains a small amount of manganese pigmentation.

3) Structural observations: Under the microscope, especially under crossed polarisation, this pink has two distinct structures.

4) Purple part: It is a granular structure with coarse particles.

5) White part: It is fine-grained and has a broken structure. These fine particles are sandwiched between large particles and they come into contact with teeth. This fine-grained fragment has a certain orientation and is formed into an elongated shape. Crystals.

From the observation of the thin-film structure, it is concluded that the formation of white strips is due to the excessive tectonic stress acting as a fragmented structure, and stress is one of the important factors that affect the mineral and structural changes of metamorphic rocks.